Does a layover count? Istanbul, Dubai, Singapore, Tokyo
A change of planes can matter to two authorities: the country you connect in and the country you are flying to. Türkiye asks nothing of its own of a pet that does not enter the country. The United Arab Emirates asks for no permit inside one airport if the pet is kept apart from other animals. Singapore wants a licence even for a connection, and Japan no longer treats the stop as a transfer once the airline or the airport changes. The EU, New Zealand, Australia and, for dogs, the United States also look at where the pet stopped on the way.
Routes and layoversPUBLISHED
| Hub | A pet that only changes planes |
|---|---|
| Istanbul, Türkiye | A pet that only changes planesDoes not have to meet Türkiye’s conditions, provided you do not enter the country. The health requirements of the destination are enough. |
| Dubai, United Arab Emirates | A pet that only changes planesNeeds no transit permit for a transit within the same airport, on condition that it is kept isolated from other animals. |
| Singapore | A pet that only changes planesNeeds a transhipment licence. |
Source:National Parks Board — Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS) (opens official site: Transhipping dogs and cats)· checked 04 Oct 2026 | |
| Tokyo, Japan | A pet that only changes planesMay change planes only without leaving the international transfer area of the airport it lands at. A change of airline or airport is not treated as a transfer. |
Source:Animal Quarantine Service, MAFF (opens official site: 日本で飛行機を乗り換える場合 (changing planes in Japan))· checked 04 Oct 2026 | |
Istanbul and Dubai: when a connection is only a connection
Two authorities can take an interest in a change of planes. The first is the one at the hub. The veterinary border control point at Istanbul Airport writes:
“Transit travelers passing through our country en route to another destination shall not be required to fulfill these conditions provided they do not enter our country. Compliance with the health requirements of the destination country shall suffice.”
The line is entering Türkiye. A pet that does enter comes under the conditions in the Türkiye guide.
The United Arab Emirates draws the line at the airport. Its resolution on the import of cats and dogs sets terms for consignments in transit, among them:
“For air transit in the same airport or sea transit at the same port, a transit permit is not required on the condition that the animals are isolated from other animals. 2. A prior transit permit must be obtained from the Ministry for cats and dogs which cross the country as a crossing consignment (Transit), along with a veterinary health certificate or a vaccination document showing that the animal has been vaccinated against rabies and an import permit (No objection) from the importing country.”
A connection inside one airport needs no permit, as long as the pet is kept apart from other animals. Crossing the country is a different case: a permit obtained beforehand, a document showing the rabies vaccination and the import permit of the country the pet is going to.
Switzerland’s ordinance on pets states the principle outright and says where it ends:
“Für die Durchfuhr von Heimtieren im direkten Luftverkehr gelten die tierseuchenpolizeilichen Anforderungen des Bestimmungslandes. ² In den folgenden Fällen gelten für die Durchfuhr die Bestimmungen für die Einfuhr: a. Die Heimtiere werden auf dem Luftweg in das Einfuhrgebiet verbracht und mit einem anderen Transportmittel durch das Einfuhrgebiet durchgeführt. b. Die Heimtiere werden auf dem Landweg durch das Einfuhrgebiet durchgeführt.”
Unofficial translation of the passage: For the transit of pets by direct air transport, the animal-disease requirements of the destination country apply. ² In the following cases the import provisions apply to transit: a. the pets are brought into the import area by air and transited through it by another means of transport; b. the pets are transited through the import area by land.
A pet that lands in Switzerland and goes on by another means of transport is no longer in transit by direct air: the import rules apply.
Singapore and Tokyo: a connection with conditions
Singapore regulates the connection itself. Its Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS) says:
“A transhipment licence is needed for dogs and cats transiting Singapore.”
The same service defines the word:
“Transshipment refers to the act of transiting Singapore for less than 24 hours during the journey between countries.”
A stop of 24 hours or more is outside that definition.
Japan allows a change of planes on one condition and sets further conditions for dogs. The Animal Quarantine Service’s page on changing planes in Japan begins:
“犬、猫、うさぎを連れて日本で飛行機を乗り換えるには、海外から到着した空港の国際線乗り継ぎエリアから出ることなく海外へ出発する場合に限り可能です。 […]”
Unofficial translation of the passage: Changing planes in Japan with a dog, cat or rabbit is possible only when departing abroad without leaving the international transfer area of the airport of arrival. For dogs and rabbits the following conditions must also be met: (1) the airport of arrival in Japan is New Chitose, Narita International, Tokyo International (Haneda), Chubu International, Kansai International, Fukuoka, Kagoshima or Naha; (2) a certificate issued by the government agency of the exporting country stating that the animal is healthy is obtained (it is needed even if the country of destination does not require it).
It then says what breaks a transfer:
“注意:乗り継ぐ便の航空会社や空港(例:羽田から成田へ)、輸送形態(例:携帯品から航空貨物)が変わると、乗り換えの扱いにはならず、日本への入国条件が課せられ、条件が満たせないと返送となる場合もあることから、事前に利用する航空会社にご確認ください。”
Unofficial translation of the passage: Note: if the airline of the connecting flight, the airport (e.g. from Haneda to Narita) or the mode of transport (e.g. from hand luggage to air cargo) changes, it is not treated as a transfer; Japan's entry conditions apply and the animal may be returned if they are not met, so check with your airline in advance.
Haneda to Narita is the page’s own example. A ticket that changes airline in Japan, or moves the pet from hand luggage to air cargo, is no longer a transfer: Japan’s entry conditions apply. They are in the Japan guide.
The destination reads the route too
The second authority is the one at the end of the journey. It may ask where the pet has been, and a stop on the way is part of the answer.
The EU keeps two lists of countries and territories outside the Union. A pet from a listed country may enter without the rabies antibody titer test in three cases:
“(a) the animals are moved directly from a third country or territory appearing on a list referred to in point (1)(a) or (b), where their pet owner resides habitually; or (b) following a stay exclusively in one or more of the third countries or territories appearing on a list referred to in point (1)(a) or (b); or (c) after passing through a third country or territory other than those appearing on a list referred to in point (1)(a) or (b), provided that the pet owner or authorised person provides a signed declaration that during such movement the pet animals have had no contact with animals of listed species susceptible to infection with rabies virus and remained secured within a means of transport or within the perimeter of the international zone of a port or an airport.”
The third case is the layover. Of the four hubs in the headline, Türkiye is on neither list. Japan is on one of them. So for a cat flying from Japan to Germany with a change of planes in Istanbul, the test is spared only if the owner signs that declaration.
Without the declaration, the stop can bring the titer test back. What that test involves is in our article on the EU’s 2026 law.
The United States applies the same idea to dogs. The CDC’s page on layovers says:
“If your dog has been in a high-risk country for dog rabies at any time in the 6 months before arriving in the United States, it must meet the stricter high-risk country requirements. This is true even if the dog was only in the high-risk country for a layover where it cleared customs and even if your current itinerary does not include a high-risk country.”
Türkiye and the United Arab Emirates are on the CDC’s list of high-risk countries; Singapore and Japan are not. The test in that wording is customs, not the airport. And the rule is written for dogs. Of cats the CDC says:
“Cats are not required to have proof of rabies vaccination for importation into the United States. However, CDC recommends that all cats be vaccinated against rabies, and your U.S. destination may have additional requirements.”
Destinations that say where a pet may change planes
Some of the destinations entry.pet covers go further and limit the stops themselves.
New Zealand’s import health standard says that a cat or dog on its way there must
“Only transit (remain on the same aircraft) or tranship (change aircraft) in a category 1, 2 or 3 country […]”
Türkiye and Thailand are in none of the three categories. By that wording a pet bound for New Zealand may not stop in Istanbul or Bangkok, whether it changes aircraft or stays on board. The United Arab Emirates, Singapore and Japan are categorised.
Australia names the places. Its page for dogs coming from a Group 2 country says:
“Your dog may only tranship (change aircraft) in: an approved Group 1 or Group 2 country, OR these cities in Group 3 countries: Amsterdam Frankfurt Copenhagen London Dubai Hong Kong.”
Its page for cats from those countries has the same sentence. Dubai is on the list by name. Singapore and Japan are Group 2 countries themselves.
Singapore, as a destination, puts the stop into a document. For a pet from a country on its Schedule I, the captain of the aircraft signs a declaration stating, among other points,
“[…] that the dog or cat had not been landed at any intermediate port outside the country/region of export. In the case of an aircraft, if the dog or cat was landed, the dog or cat had been conveyed in a crate and remained within the precincts of the airport at which the aircraft landed (Prior permission from NParks/AVS is required should there be a change of aircraft carrying the animal).”
The United Kingdom to Singapore with a cat is such a route.
Japan asks for a seal or a certificate. For a pet arriving from one of the regions it designates as free of rabies, the quarantine service says:
“If transported through Non-designated regions (transit), a ‘seal for the transport cage’ or an ‘additional certificate on transportation (ANNEX)’ is necessary. […]”
Australia to Japan with a cat is such a route.
“Airside” in the rules’ own words
Travellers call it staying airside. The rules quoted here use other words, and they do not draw the line in the same place:
| Whose rule | Where it draws the line |
|---|---|
| New Zealand | Where it draws the line“transit (remain on the same aircraft) or tranship (change aircraft)” |
| Japan | Where it draws the line“without leaving the international transfer area of the airport of arrival” (unofficial translation) |
Source:Animal Quarantine Service, MAFF (opens official site: 日本で飛行機を乗り換える場合 (changing planes in Japan))· checked 04 Oct 2026 | |
| European Union | Where it draws the line“within the perimeter of the international zone of a port or an airport” |
| Singapore, as a destination | Where it draws the line“remained within the precincts of the airport at which the aircraft landed” |
| United Arab Emirates | Where it draws the line“air transit in the same airport” |
| United States, for dogs | Where it draws the line“a layover where it cleared customs” |
Source:U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (opens official site: Layovers)· checked 04 Oct 2026 | |
| Türkiye | Where it draws the line“provided they do not enter our country” |
The aircraft, the transfer area, the international zone, customs and the border are not the same line. Which of them a connection crosses depends on how the pet is moved between the two flights, and that is a question for the airline.
Before you book a connection
- The destination: look on the page of your route for conditions on the journey itself, such as a declaration, a seal or a list of places to change planes.
- The hub: find what its authority says of a pet that does not enter the country. Transit has a section of its own in the guides to Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland.
- The airline: it has terms of its own for a connection.
From the pet pages of airlines entry.pet covers, on a pet travelling in the hold:
| Airline | From its pet pages |
|---|---|
| KLM | From its pet pages“It's not possible to bring your pet in the hold if you have a transfer time of 3 hours and more. For longer transfer times, pets can be transported via our Cargo service.” |
| Air France | From its pet pages“If your flight includes one or more connections, online check-in is not permitted. You must check in yourself, your baggage, and your pet at the airport counter for each leg of your journey.” |
| Qatar Airways | From its pet pages“We do not accept animals that are connecting from flights operated by other airlines.” |
Whatever the route, confirm with the official authority of the country you connect in, with the authority of your destination and with the airline before travelling.
Official texts quoted
- Traveling with Cat, Dog and Ferret / Kedi-Köpek-Gelincik Seyahati (Istanbul Airport VSKN; Turkish and English on the same page) (opens official site)İstanbul Havalimanı Veteriner Sınır Kontrol Noktası Müdürlüğü, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry · checked
- Ministerial Resolution No. (109) of 2021 regarding regulating import of cats and dogs (English text published by MOCCAE) (opens official site)Ministry of Climate Change and Environment (MOCCAE) · checked
- Verordnung über die Ein-, Durch- und Ausfuhr von Heimtieren (EDAV-Ht), SR 916.443.14 (opens official site)Swiss Federal Council (Fedlex) · checked
- Transhipping dogs and cats (opens official site)National Parks Board — Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS) · checked
- General information (opens official site)National Parks Board — Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS) · checked
- 日本で飛行機を乗り換える場合 (changing planes in Japan) (opens official site)Animal Quarantine Service, MAFF · checked
- Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/131 (opens official site)European Commission (EUR-Lex) · checked
- Layovers (opens official site)U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) · checked
- Bringing an Animal into the U.S. (section "Cats") (opens official site)U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) · checked
- Import Health Standard (opens official site)Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) · checked
- How to bring your dog to Australia from a Group 2 country (opens official site)Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) · checked
- Veterinary Conditions for the Importation of Dogs/Cats for Countries/Regions under Schedule I (DOGCAT 83-1) (opens official site)National Parks Board — Animal & Veterinary Service (AVS) · checked
- Import dogs and cats into Japan (from the designated regions) (opens official site)Animal Quarantine Service, MAFF · checked
Each date is the last day the quoted words were confirmed on the official page. How we verify